Business research project Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business research venture - Literature survey Example This necessitates we comprehend the difficulties that influence the travel industry, for instance, we should comprehend the patterns that direct interest and flexibly, the developing outside condition and the need to improve limit of the travel industry associations with the goal that they are receptive to the requests of the differing intrigues it serves. The travel industry depends on a cycle known as the movement cycle, which involves dreaming, investigating, booking, encountering then sharing of the experience. Dreaming happens particularly on the web when the expected voyager or the vacationer goes online looking for the methods for movement. This could be through online journals, audits or recordings that rouse the likely voyagers to travel. Exploring then happens when the future shopper or explorer limits on the movement choices and make demands on data by questioning. It is significant as it empowers the trip specialist or traveler administrators know the client’s way towards buying. Booking comes next through either online appointments or portable appointments for air travel and lodging convenience. In assessment of future the travel industry, it is significant for administrators to gadget methods of empowering the purchasers effectively discover; books the bundles by means of any gadget versatile applications prove to be useful right now, and advertisers must endeavor to exploit search publicizing on the off chance that they are to succeed. For instance, Google has conceived manners by which administrators can add telephone numbers to portable notices for organizations that own call places. This thusly has made it simpler for clients to book by simply tapping on the Click to call promotions. Encountering empowers clients to discover attendant sort data as they travel and can in this manner secure different kinds of administrations. This requires visitor administrators to give solid access to the web as they travel with your offices and offer he lpful data for the vacationers to encounter and make the most of your administrations. Sharing of one’s experience rouses other people who have not encountered the marvel to need to expend it. It is basic to take note of that most voyagers read audits from others and vacationer and travel administrators must accept the open door of being a piece of the discussion in the sharing of this data. Innovation as appropriate in the travel industry has reformed it like never before as more individuals have gotten associated with one another with a great many people approaching data online on movement and traveler appointments. This requires the travel industry players to adjust and redesign their practices and aptitudes to satisfy the developing needs of the client. Innovation can be utilized by the travel industry suppliers to showcase their items and administrations, for example, goals and the attractions on offer. The data that is given online is imperative to animate the scientist or the future vacationer to travel and have great recollections of the movement. To arrive at the explorer, the administrators can utilize advanced promoting through web search tools, cell phone applications or area based advertising. It is critical to make the item engaging and have the best costs for the substance set in the web. Having the imperative framework to react or address the issues of the shopper is significant for the travel industry and travel operat

Middle School Argumentative Essay Topics

Middle School Argumentative Essay TopicsMiddle school argumentative essay topics are well developed and must be covered. As a student you have to be prepared to give a good argumentation with your essay. By teaching your skills to write essays you will learn what's acceptable and what's not in writing a well-written essay for middle school students.When you are writing your essay topics, you will want to cover all the topics that are acceptable. If you come across a topic that's very unique or uncommon, consider using that as well. In the essay you'll be able to have an expert perspective on a certain topic and present it accurately.Some of the topics you may want to include in your essay include the following. First you need to think about the fact that kids these days are more technologically orientated than ever before. You need to provide them with facts and information they can use in their daily lives. By using the internet to research different topics and know more about them, it will help in developing a better academic interest in college.By having an essay that is based on these facts, it will show the middle school students that you're knowledgeable on a particular topic. You will be able to help them understand things they may not be able to understand otherwise. In doing this, they will also get a feel of the author and her knowledge on a certain subject.In addition to researching, it helps to develop a good grammar and spelling. When working on a middle school argumentative essay topic, it is good to be able to distinguish between the written and spoken language. This will help with your writing because it can save you from getting into a lot of trouble with your professor.One of the best ways to help your middle school students on their essay topics is to help them understand different concepts that they may not have come across before. You may also use common statements to help them understand the concept. By presenting their topic correctly, yo u'll be able to understand it much better and be able to see what you can do in your essay.You may be surprised at the number of people that offer to help middle school students to write essays. This is great as long as you go with the people that have a proven track record of doing so. If you are unsure where to start looking, talk to some of your teachers in class and see if they can offer you a word of encouragement to help you along.Middle school argumentative essay topics are a great way to help students have a great educational experience. You can help them better understand some of the rules that are used in writing an essay for middle school students. It's always a good idea to learn more about the subject matter that you're writing about, because it will help you in preparing for it in the first place.

Ethnocentrism Hinders Effective Cross-Cultural Dialogue and Common Understanding Essay

Choosing the Right PhD Program

Choosing the right PhD program is key to your success – not just in getting admitted, but in having a successful grad school experience. What makes a PhD program the right one? There are two things you need to be on the lookout for when choosing the best program for you. First, it needs to fit your needs: you need access to a mentor who can oversee your research and guide you as you develop in the profession; you need an environment that feels collegial and supportive to you; and you need a community where you feel comfortable. Second, it needs to be a program you can get into and fit into. How can you measure your ability to get accepted to a PhD program? There are three steps to assessing your candidacy: Evaluate your credentials. If your GPA and test scores are well below the averages for your target school, you need to broaden your search. (Note that GRE scores are not the end-all for PhD programs, but many grad schools do have a minimum score – below which the university won’t even forward your app to the department for consideration.) Pay attention to research. If you don’t have research experience, top programs won’t see you as a serious candidate. Make sure you’re a good fit. PhD programs don’t admit many students, so admissions can sometimes seem capricious, especially to the applicant. Balance that by making certain you’re a good fit for the program, and by applying to enough schools. I recommend applying to at least 8-10 programs. How can you evaluate â€Å"fit†? Schools don’t just care about your numbers on a sheet of paper. They want to admit students who will fit the culture and match with the goals of their program. Short-term, they want you to fit in the student body and faculty; long-term, they want you to do great things and make them proud. Here are two ways you can evaluate your â€Å"fit† with your target PhD program: Find your research match. Look at the research that current students and recent grads of your target department have done. Is this the type of work that appeals to you? Yes? Then look into the labs they worked in, contact professors, etc. No? Broaden your search. It’s not all about the name/ranking of the university – you need to find your research home. Find your mentor match. It is worth contacting potential research mentors before you apply, to let them know you’re interested. Give them an overview of your background/experience/goals. Be professional and courteous in all of your interactions – a brusque, demanding, or badly proofread email can harm your chances later on. To start finding potential mentors, you need to do extensive research. Take advantage of every resource available to you: your undergraduate faculty and grad students you may have done research with may have helpful advice. Reading journals and attending conferences will also give you a sense of what work is going on, where, and who is doing it. That’s your starting point for researching potential labs and programs. Start your application process early – there’s a lot of research involved in choosing the right programs to apply to. Do you need help choosing the best PhD programs to apply to? Do you need guidance in selecting the programs that will help you reach your educational and professional goals. Learn more about how we can guide you to admissions success when you explore our catalog of Graduate School Admissions Consulting Editing Services. By Dr. Rebecca Blustein, former Accepted admissions consultant. Dr. Blustein has a BA and PhD from UCLA in English and Comparative Literature. She formerly worked as a Student Affairs Officer at UCLA’s Scholarship Resource Center where she gained experience guiding applicants in areas of admissions and funding. Dr. Blustein’s clients have been accepted to top Master’s and PhD programs in dozens of fields across all disciplines.  Want an admissions expert help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Choosing the Best PhD Programs, a free guide †¢ More Criteria to Consider When Selecting a PhD Program †¢ Choosing Graduate Programs to Apply To

Health Believe Model - 1052 Words

Critique of Health Believe Model Of Dr. Godfrey M. Hochbaum†¬.†¬ maha Nursing theory. King Saud University. December2012 Explanation of Theory: The Health Belief Model is a value expectancy theory, which states that An individual’s behavior can be †¨predicted based upon certain issues that an individual may consider (i.e. perceived susceptibility, perceived severity) when making a decision about a particular behavior concerning their health. Individual Interpretations: The Health Belief Model is an archetypal pattern used to evaluate or influence an individual’s behavioral changes in regard to a particular health condition. The model suggests that the likelihood that an individual will take action †¨concerning†¦show more content†¦Fruitful: Can generate new hypothesis, and new information. Clarity: Fairly strong from the examples I studied think this theory †¨is precisely formulated and carefully applied. Testability: Can test theory. Simplicity: Hockbaum’s work is simple as it, Common sense constructs easy for non-psychologists to assimilate and apply, we can apply this theory in many fields. Consistency: Strong, we can see where this theory originated from and why it makes sense. Credibility: Very credible; this theory is both applied and practical. HBM critique Strengths * Common sense constructs easy for non-psychologists to assimilate and apply. * Has focused research attention on modifiable psychological prerequisites of behavior. * Makes testable predictions: Large threats might be offset by perceived costs; small threats by large benefits etc. Limitations * Common-sense framework simplifies health-related representational processes. * Theoretical components broadly defined therefore different operationalization may not be strictly comparable. * Lack of specification of a causal ordering. * Neglects social factors. * Cannot make testable predictions via counterfactuals. he purpose of this blog is to promote the importance of healthy living and to teach about childhood overweight and obesity. Weve usedShow MoreRelatedThe Health Belief Model Of The United States1367 Words   |  6 Pages 3. Overview of the Health Belief Model The Health Belief model is a psychological construct that is used to predict health behavior (see Figure 1). The two components of the model that are used to predict behavior are the perception of the threat and the perception of the benefits and barriers to taking action to reduce the threat. The perception of the threat is composed of two elements: the perception of seriousness of the threat and the perception of the susceptibility to the threat (SharafkhaniRead MoreThe Health Of Free Tuberculosis Screenings1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe health belief model was developed in the 1950’s and is considered one of the most recognized health behavior theories in the field (NIH, 2005). The model was initially created by social psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock, and Kegels for the U.S. Public Health Service to determine why free tuberculosis screenings were not successful. The model’s usage has grown to incorporate the long and short term behaviors in individuals with HIV/ AIDS, diabetes, and osteoporosis. The health belief model’sRead MoreThe Perioperative Surgical Home Model1423 Words   |  6 Pagesage, health care is constantly changing. Improving society’s health and reducing the cost of health care is very important in the expansion of health care in the United States. The Perioperative Surgical Home is an innovative model that is patient centered to focus on this perspective. The PSH model focuses on the entire surgical experience of a patient. This model focuses on the experience from the decision made to have surgery to up to 90 days. In the end the ultimate goal of the PSH model is toRead MoreThis Essay Will Discuss The Key Aspects Of The Health Models1596 Words   |  7 Pagesaspects of the health models Fonofale and Te Whare Tapa Wha, and describe how the key principles of these models relate to the everyday health of Maori and Pasifika peoples’. The principles of these models need to be recognised by paramedics, an d acknowledge the cultural diversity of patients and the holistic way that Maori and Pasifika peoples’ approach different aspects of their health and well-being. Fonofale is a holistic health model designed to be used to assess the health and well-being ofRead MoreFacets of Overall Health979 Words   |  4 PagesFacets of Overall Health When one thinks of health, it is often associated with physical well being. Most believe good health is achieved by good levels of energy, fewer illnesses and trips to the doctor and normal organ functioning. However, this is only one aspect of a persons health. Mental illness, spiritual beliefs, living conditions and socio-economic levels, all play important roles when it comes to determining a persons health. Health is a social construction comprisedRead MoreBiomedical of Health768 Words   |  4 PagesThe biomedical model of health states that the individual is not responsible for their illness and that the mind and body work independently from each other. Ogden J, (2004) However, for example, in the case of an individual who is suffering from an eating disorder i.e. bulimia, this indicates that there is a clear link between the mind and body due to the sufferer vomiting after ingesting food; therefore resulting in the sufferer being responsible for their physical illness due to psychologicalRead MoreBio and Socio Medical691 Words   |  3 PagesBiomedical and Socio medical model of health Biomedical and Socio medical model of health The main purpose of the biomedical model of health is to cure diseases in which health professionals will use scientifically tested methods to address a diagnosed illness. The biomedical model of health focuses on purely biological factors, and excludes psychological, environmental, and social influences. This model relates to the functionalist approach of health as it specifies that health is the absences of diseaseRead MoreEssay809 Words   |  4 PagesI agree with Reid, revamping America’s health care system would be far too complicated. I liked how Reid connected the ideas of a health care reform to many of the presidents of the past including Bill Clinton and Barack Obama. Ironically enough, Clinton’s reform didn’t even make it to congress and he was also impeached during his presidency. Is that a coincidence? I do support Obama’s ideas toward building on to the model of health care that we already have, instead of constructing a new one. WhileRead M oreObesity : A Problem Facing Healthcare Professionals762 Words   |  4 PagesObesity Epidemic Katelynn Boot Health Perspectives and Assessment October 15, 2014 Obesity in America is a problem facing healthcare professionals in our modern day and age. According to the Centers for Disease Control, more than one third of U.S. adults are obese (2014). There are many concerns facing individuals who are obese, the risks for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke all increase with obesity. Obesity creates preventable health risks, costing our nation billionsRead MoreDrug Abuse And Dependence Policy1680 Words   |  7 Pageslife (Department of Health, 2015). With this policy in place drug treatments are becoming more successful with 18% of people staying in treatment and leaving drug free (Department of Health, 2015) this shows the policy is successful and works with people to reduce drug dependency (HM Government, 2012). 193,198 people aged 18 and over were in treatment for drug use during 2013 to 2014, 29,150 of these patients completed treatment and have overcome their drug dependency (Public Health England, 2014). From

Analysis Of George Orwell s 1984 - 1045 Words

Andrea Keefe Honors English 11, Period 3 VanCuran 3/27/2017 1984 Foreword The time period in which 1984 was set was in the year 1984. It was very different from what our â€Å"1984† was like. Even though this book was not based on actual historical events, it does compare to things that happen in our society today. George Orwell also known as Eric Blair was born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal. Orwell died on January 21st, 1950 in London, United Kingdom. (Woodstock) At the age of six, Orwell was sent to school at a small Anglican parish school, for college, he then attended Eton College and Wellington college Berkshire. (biography editors) Orwell wrote 1984 after World War II had†¦show more content†¦Orwell also demonstrates the importance of the setting through creating a world that uses fear as a tool for manipulating and controlling individuals who do not follow the rules (â€Å"About 1984†). Oceania is one of the three continents that was created after the fallout of World War II, the other two are Eurasia and Eastasia. All three of these continents are constantly at war with each other and run by a totalitarian government. By creating an entire world at war, Orwell also creates a setting that has no escape for the main character, Winston, who lives under horrible living conditions. Oceania’s political structure is broken into three parts: the Inner Party, the highest ruling class; the outer party, educated workers; and the proles. The proles live in old worn down buildings away from the town. The inner and outer parties do not view the divisions as â€Å"classes† or â€Å"sides†, it is noticeable that Orwell wants the readers to see the distinction between classes. Winston Smith is the protagonist of 1984. Winston works in the media and is responsible for rewriting history in a department for the Party. Nonetheless, his memories of the past usually conflict with the parties twisted version (Sparknotes Editors). Winston was born before World War II and grew up primarily knowing hunger and political instability, many of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984848 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis In the George Orwell’s novel 1984, much of the society is watched and have no privacy of any kind. Every person in the Party is under surveillance. In effect, these people cannot live freely and independently, but it seems to be an impossible task because of of the Party surveillance, and how they limit thinking and manipulate reality. We can similarly see these concerns and their effects in today s society and the ways the novel also acts as a warning for the future. In 1984 a manRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841423 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel 1984 by George Orwell, the Party has many strategies and tactics that help them have complete control of the people of Oceania. The control the Party has maintained gives them the ability to manipulate people as a result. The Party takes away the people’s freedom to have a say in their government and become their own person. They use their power to an extreme against the people rather than to help the people. The Party takes advantage of every opportunity to instill fear in the citizensRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 949 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"1984† is a story which takes place in what was then the future of England. The book illustrates a dystopian society in which a government figure named â€Å"Big Brother† rules above all. The country is surrounded by eyes so to speak, devices called â€Å"telescreens† are in houses and buildings to monitor wha t all of the citizens are doing via camera. Coupled with that is the existence of the â€Å"Thought Police† whose sole job is to monitor citizens from committing â€Å"thoughtcrime† which is essentially thinkingRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 923 Words   |  4 Pages1984, is a book written by George Orwell giving the reader a view of what a dystopian government would be like. The government of Oceania controls the lives of it’s citizens; posters of a figure known as â€Å"Big Brother† are seen all over and emphasize that he is always watching it’s citizens. The government enforces rules and regulations amongst it’s citizens, restricting them from giving their own opinion or even opposing the government. Thoughtcrime, face crime, and double think are all strictlyRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841450 Words   |  6 PagesThose familiar with George Orwell’s â€Å"1984† will recall that â€Å"Newspeak was de signed not to extend but to diminish the range of thought.† I recently felt the weight of this Orwellian ethos when many of my students sent emails to inform me, and perhaps warn me, that my name appears on the Professor Watchlist, a new website created by a conservative youth group known as Turning Point USA. I could sense the gravity in those email messages, a sense of relaying what is to come. The Professor Watchlist’sRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841377 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious types of governments, such include democracy, oligarchy, and more specifically, totalitarian. A totalitarian government gains extensive amounts of control and power over all of their people, and dominate over every aspect of their lives. George Orwell’s â€Å"1984,† conveys to its readers how the government presented totalitarianism and obtained control over their citizens. This action by the government compares to the massacre of the Holocaust, which portrayed the act of totalitarianism by aiming discriminationRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841029 Words   |  5 Pages Imagine a world where everything you knew had to be forgotten, and you knew nothing more then what was being told to you. In George Orwell’s book 1984 this is exactly the case. Winston Smith, a m iddle aged man, lives a life already planned for him. Smith works at the Ministry of Truth rewriting the news and other articles to follow the teachings of Big Brother. Big Brother is the leader of Oceania, one of three world powers, and aims to rewrite the past to control the present. Oceania is separatedRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst civilizations of mankind, yet it is difficult find one that is perfect even till today. George Orwell shows an example of this within 1984. 1984 was written based on what Orwell thought the government would be like in 1984. He used his personal knowledge and experience with the government to create his story. The setting of 1984 is set in a superstate where there is a totalitarian government. Within 1984 and the 21st century one major key stands out: corruption rules both governments. Trust isRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841026 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1984, by George Orwell violence contributed to the plot by having three stages of reintegration. The stages are to learn, understand, and to accept, Winston was forced to learn that 2+2=5 under torture, understanding that the party is good, and seeks power for its own. Winston accepts and understands the Party and Big Brother as soon as Winston wishes the burden of torture on someone else who he loves, and to learn that Big Brother is eternal and that 2+2=5, Winston then is committed and loyalRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1122 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom. A growing debate concerning Orwell’s 1984 relevancy is quickly on the rise. Orwell’s fear of a totalitarian society led him to write this book as he lived during the totalitarian movement in Russia. The fear of a totalitarian society spreading sparked his fear and wrote this book to make people understand that it is not benef icial to society. I feel that with the the National Security Agency in the United States, the issue and relevancy of 1984 has never been higher. The public is discovering

Focus Marketing Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Focus Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction A marketing strategy is the coming with a plan or process of channeling an organizations goals and objectives towards the success of its products in the market. An effective marketing strategy helps an organization to define its specific goals and objectives towards its market success (Kotler et al, 2014). It has to know about its customers location, type and population, competitors status, product position, market share and segment to name a few. Having this kind of information, the organization has to come up with ways and methods of defeating their customers and reaching their goals (Kotler et al, 2010). By using the market information and research, the organization has the ability to choose the right marketing strategy for it to be able to reach target market, maximum profit and sustain its business operations for a longer period. For the purpose of completing this report, I chose the Coca Cola Company specifically one situated in Australia. Coca Cola Company is currently the largest consumer beverage producing companies in the whole word. Currently, Coca Cola is also the largest producer and seller of the best health related products like the Coke Zero, Diet Coke, vitamin water, Sprite and Fanta drinks which are also its leading brands of products. These are some of the products from the company that bring a lot of profits more than other products. Coca Cola Amatil Pty Limited situated in Australia is the authorized producer and distributor of Coca Cola products in Australia. To help it with the marketing and technical or the quality services, it has authorized its branch in Australia called Coca Cola South Pacific Pty Limited to take charge of these responsibilities. By doing this the company is able to take care of its products, markets and its consumers. For this report, the discussion will entail informat ion about the non-alcoholic drinks only. Marketing Mix concepts Product A product is anything that is as a result of manufacturing or processing for it to be able to satisfy a human want and need. A product can either be a service (intangible) or a good (tangible) as long as it has the ability to satisfy the human wants or needs (McDonald et al, 2011). Every business organization has to make sure that it has the right product that is in demand in its market. This means that it must have thebest product design, best brand, best label, best packaging, reasonable life cycle and development. Additionally, the organization has to ensure that it brings profits and returns when sold and that it offers unique selling points in its current market with current demand. This is certainly the case for Coca Cola Company which ensures that its non-alcoholic products have very high demand and popular among its consumers in most parts of the world. The company makes sure that the product is well branded, packaged and that it has its unique position in the market compared to its competitors. It is simple to say that the non-alcoholic products (especially their lead products like diet coke, vitamin water, coke zero, sprite among others) from the company are of very good quality and that is why they are able to maintain their market position and bring large amounts of profits. Price This is the cost of a product or service that is incurred by a customer. This is the main aspect of marketing mix that determines a businesss revenue and sustainment. Also, price can also determine how a customer will perceive the product or service. When the price is very low, the customers see it like an unsatisfying product and so make thorough comparisons with your competitors. On the other hand, when the price is very high they may start to weigh its benefits to see whether it is worth that much (Cravens et al, 2006). Therefore, it is important for an organization to consider the perceive value of the product or service by the customers. For instance, they have to make the best pricing strategies, favorable market pricing levels, offer discounts to customers, introduce favorable and modern payment terms among other things. For the case of Coca Cola Amatil, their non-alcoholic drinks certainly have some of the best prices in the markets. Apparently, when comparison is done between the Coca Cola non-alcoholic drinks and its competitors products, the Coca Cola products rank the best in pricing. In addition to that, even when the prices for Coca Cola products increase, they only do so with very small changes which means that the effects are not so severe or serious for the consumers. Therefore, this is able to increase their market demand because the consumers will certainly go for the products that are cheap but with good quality. When the demand increases the profit received from the sales will simply increase as well and therefore the company is able to maintain its market position. Place This means the placement or positioning of the product or service where the current customers or potential customers are able to reach or access it.This means that the business organization has to have the right information about its target market, composition of its current consumers among other things. Therefore, the organization must be able to come up with the best distribution strategies like selective, intensive and exclusive distribution, franchising, be able to point out the best customer location, offering efficient and effective transportation and warehousing services to name a few (Rivera-Camino, 2007). By doing all of the above, any business organization will be sure of making the best product positioning and therefore be able to maintain its customers and market position. For the case of Coca Cola Amatil, apart from it being the lead manufacturing and distributing point it has a branch that help it take care of its technical and marketing issues whenever they arise. In addition to that, in it has many other product outlets (depots) in many corners of Australia.It is clear that the company also has located its depots in the places where they are sure of high product demand and sales. This means that they have already conducted its market research and are sure of what strategies they are using in marketing and selling their products. Promotion Is very important because its aim is to boost a products recognition as well as the sales. It refers to marketing communication which may consist of activities like advertising, sales promotion, public relations and sales organization (Walker et al, 2005). Therefore, the organization has to find out the best way to ensure that its current customers and potential customers know the benefits of their products. In this concept, the organization has to decide on the type of message to be conveying, the best way or method to use when conveying it, how it will reach the targets among other things. Therefore, this means that the organization has be very precise and direct to the point. This will certainly increase the knowledge of the consumers about the product and encourage potential consumers to purchase it as well. Coca Cola Company in Australia has done so much concerning promotion of its non-alcoholic drinks. The company has invested so much in advertisement and in sales promotion. Currently, the company advertises the benefits of its products in the televisions, internet, social media and other places in more than five times per day. Also the company has come up with ways of increasing its sales by having a the public relations advertisements like exhibitions, press releases and sponsorship deals which lead to more recognition of their product worldwide. Generally, the company has invested so much in promoting its products to its customers and the general public. People Just like the product itself is important for marketing to succeed, people are also very important to make the process possible. These mostly include the customers and the employees of the organization. Therefore, their level of interaction with each other will determine the success of their service delivering. It is important for an organization to employ well skilled and experienced people to work in their businesses. These kind of employees are likely to offer the best services and have better customer relations as well as make sure that their ideas and expertise is taken into consideration (Venkatesan et al, 2004). For the case of Coca Cola Company, they have some of the best sales people, marketing agents, managers and other types of employees who ensure that their products and customers are well attended to. The company offers trainings to their employees to make sure that they are up to date when it comes to sales, leadership and customer relations techniques. Process These are the mechanisms, techniques and systems entailing the activities that lead to service or product delivery. Every organization should ensure that its entire system is effective, efficient and functional to keep the company operations running (Fraj-Andrs et al, 2009). Therefore, these processes should be well structured to minimize production costs and therefore increase profits. When it comes to Coca Cola Company, there are very simple and easy processes that lead to product delivery. The products have direct and effective manufacturing process as well as the delivery and distribution process. Therefore the company is able to maintain their market share for their products. Physical Evidence This relates to the physical evidence that the company exists, products or services were produce and delivered. If a companys products are well perceived in the market, it means that the company exists and it is functional and well known. It simply involves the tangible things that show a companys existence like, having a place where customers and employees relate, a product or service that is known by people among other things. In relation to this, Coca Cola Company has warehouses. Depots, effective delivery systems even when it comes to online purchases to name a few. There is also the presence of so many different products that are sold in most parts of the world especially their lead non-alcoholic drinks. Performance This refers to the measure or standards of the service delivery quality or product quality. Every organization should ensure that their products are delivered in the best way possible by their employees (Pujari et al, 2003). Also it should ensure that its products are of the best quality and are performing better in the market compared its competitors products or services. However, if the products lag behind in the market, it must develop ways to improve them and make them better. Therefore for a company rank the as the best in the market it must have the best performing products and services in the market compared to other companies. In the case of Coca Cola Company, its products are currently the best non-alcoholic drinks that are preferred by most people. This simply shows that the company has the best performing products and services in general. Issues facing Marketers Corporate Social Responsibilities It entails the provision of sustainable development to the surrounding society, its employees as well as the stakeholders of the company. This is an issue that affects the marketers because they have to consider even these other parties. This therefore enacts a lot of pressure on them and may end up not doing their marketing as well as expected. For the case of Coca Cola they have to ensure that their environment and shareholders are well taken care of. Social media interactions These are issues that are related to advertising of any product or service. They may affect Coca Cola Company by costing more than they should have or not impacting the consumers as expected. Therefore these causes more costs than the profits which is wrong. Technology Advances The Coca Cola Company can be affected by this whereby the technology development may change their systems and processes of manufacturing their products and therefore cause an increase in production costs. Additionally, the technology may be very vital and good for production but it does not have employees with skills, expertise or experience and therefore leading to loss. Ethical Concerns This related to the moral code of conduct that governs an organization. Therefore, the effect of this issue to Coca Cola can be in a way that some of the employees may not be ready to adhere to certain rules that are put in place. This may be caused by the fact that there are many employees from different culture, ethnic groups, religions, race group to name a few differences. Globalization This relates to the environment. Therefore, this can affect the company where by its production process has high chances of causing globalization. In other words, the emissions and wastes from the manufacturing processes may damage the environment and so they have to change them for better environmental treatment. Recommendations I would recommend that the Coca Cola Company to increase the quantity of their non-alcoholic drinks since their demand goes on increasing with time. Also they should come up with better ways of promoting the products which are not famous to their customers. They should reduce the prices of their products in general to encourage more buying. They should come up with more depots and especially the most populated areas of Australia to enhance distribution. They should ensure that every town in Australia has a warehouse, depot and offices to help manage the marketing and selling process. They should ensure there are enough employees to work and especially in the sales department. Also their manufacturing processes must be effective, efficient and always functional to facilitate production. Conclusion I conclude by saying that, every organization need to ensure that its marketing mix strategies and concepts are all in place and operating in the right manner. Also, Coca Cola Company should take heed of the above recommendations to be able maintain their market share in the long run. References Cravens, D. W., Piercy, N. (2006).Strategic marketing(Vol. 7). New York: McGraw-Hill. Rust, R. T., Lemon, K. N., Zeithaml, V. A. (2004). Return on marketing: Using customer equity to focus marketing strategy.Journal of marketing,68(1), 109-127. Rivera-Camino, J. (2007). Re-evaluating green marketing strategy: a stakeholder perspective.European Journal of Marketing,41(11/12), 1328-1358. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Ancarani, F., Costabile, M. (2014).Marketing management 14/e. Pearson. Jain, S. C., Haley, G. T. (2009).Marketing planning and strategy. Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1985. Walker, O. C., Mullins, J. W., Boyd, H. W., Larreche, J. L. (2005).Marketing strategy. McGraw-Hill Education. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2010).Principles of marketing. Pearson education. Porter, M. E. (2011).Competitive advantage of nations: creating and sustaining superior performance. Simon and Schuster. McDonald, M., Wilson, H. (2011).Marketing plans: How to prepare them, how to use them. John Wiley Sons. Venkatesan, R., Kumar, V. (2004). A customer lifetime value framework for customer selection and resource allocation strategy.Journal of marketing,68(4), 106-125. Gupta, S., Lehmann, D. R., Stuart, J. A. (2004). Valuing customers.Journal of marketing research,41(1), 7-18. Reinartz, W., Thomas, J. S., Kumar, V. (2005). Balancing acquisition and retention resources to maximize customer profitability.Journal of Marketing,69(1), 63-79. Reinartz, W. J., Kumar, V. (2003). The impact of customer relationship characteristics on profitable lifetime duration.Journal of marketing,67(1), 77-99. Zeithaml, V. A., Lemon, K. N., Rust, R. T. (2001).Driving customer equity: How customer lifetime value is reshaping corporate strategy. Simon and Schuster. Blattberg, R. C., Getz, G., Thomas, J. S. (2001).Customer equity: Building and managing relationships as valuable assets. Harvard Business Press. Polonsky, M. J., Rosenberger, P. J. (2001). Reevaluating green marketing: a strategic approach.Business horizons,44(5), 21-30. Crane, A. (2000). Facing the backlash: green marketing and strategic reorientation in the 1990s.Journal of Strategic Marketing,8(3), 277-296. Pujari, D., Wright, G., Peattie, K. (2003). Green and competitive: influences on environmental new product development performance.Journal of business Research,56(8), 657-671. Fraj-Andrs, E., Martinez-Salinas, E., Matute-Vallejo, J. (2009). A multidimensional approach to the influence of environmental marketing and orientation on the firms organizational performance.Journal of Business Ethics,88(2), 263-286. Krn, J., Hansen, E., Juslin, H. (2003). Social responsibility in environmental marketing planning.European Journal of Marketing,37(5/6), 848-871.

Thailand Religion Essays - Asceticism, Monk, Monastery, Vinaya

Thailand Religion In the home, such as Kashrut, the preparation of food so that it is ritually acceptable, for example Kosher foods. Foods containing milk are never mixed with meat, nor eaten at the same meal. The weekly Sabbath is observed in the home, and begins with a women of the house lighting Sabbath candles. Observant Jews recite blessings before eating over wine, bread and other foods. In Buddhist religion author Gary Miles of the book All About Buddhism emphazises mostly on these points, monks and nuns lead simple, strict lives, studying the sacred texts, learning to chant and meditate and helping in the daily running of the monastery. Some also work or teach in the local community. The monks and nuns obey a set of monastery rules called vinaya. Many monasteries have 227 rules, but the number can vary. The rules include the Ten Precepts, which the monks vow to keep. These are the five precepts which ordinary Buddhists follow: 1.) Not to harm or kill any living thing 2.) Not to steal or take anything that is not freely given. 3.) To control sexual desire 4.) Not to tell lies 5.) Not to drink or take drugs Together with five extra rules ?not eating after midday, not singing or dancing in a frivolous way, not to wear perfume or jewlery, not sleeping on a bed and not taking gifts or money. As part of their simple lifestyle, these monks in Thailand have only 2 meals a day. The first is eaten early in the morning, at about 7am. The second must be eaten before noon. The meals are made up of food placed in the monks' alms bowls that morning by the local people. After this the monks fast until the next morning, with only water or tea without milk or sugar to drink. This teaches them self-discipline and helps them to train their minds.

7 Editing Pet Peeves

7 Editing Pet Peeves 7 Editing Pet Peeves 7 Editing Pet Peeves By Mark Nichol We all have our editorial idiosyncrasies. Here are seven words, phrases, or other subjects that make me peevish: 1. â€Å"Beg the Question† If you see this phrase in print, it’s likely to mean â€Å"to bring up an obvious question,† as in â€Å"That begs the question of how we are going to balance the budget† or â€Å"to prompt a question in response to something,† as in â€Å"The new evidence begs the question of whether the defendant was guilty after all.† To beg the question, however, originally meant to make a statement that assumes that the proposition in question is true; an example is â€Å"Most scholars discount Smith’s theories because they don’t agree with him.† This original definition, however, is being overwhelmed by the new senses described above. They are so ubiquitous that they are coming to be accepted as valid, but such acceptance dilutes the value of the pure meaning. It’s best not to use the phrase at all. 2. â€Å"I could care less.† Perhaps I care about this too much, because it doesn’t come up often, but more than never is too much. The correct expression is â€Å"I couldn’t care less,† meaning, â€Å"The degree to which I care is the least possible amount.† Some people argue that â€Å"I could care less† is a way of shrugging an issue off by implying that the minimal extent to which one is concerned about it could be diminished even further. My opinion: It’s a mishearing of the correct form, and those who write it the wrong way are writing it the wrong way. 3. Different When I read a sentence like â€Å"Seventeen different languages are spoken by students at the school,† my first thought is, â€Å"As opposed to seventeen identical languages?† In other words, different is redundant to the statement of plurality. Different is the default. 4. Latin Latin abbreviations such as i.e. and e.g. are valid, but they’re often misused or at least punctuated incorrectly (or not at all), and â€Å"for example† and â€Å"that is† serve just as well. The same goes for the Latin for â€Å"and so on†: etc. which, by the way, is redundant not only to the foregoing abbreviations but also to â€Å"such as† and â€Å"et al.† (â€Å"and others†), which, outside of a bibliography, is simply not necessary. And why use ergo when you can write thus? A good proportion of English vocabulary derives from Latin, but I advocate minimizing direct borrowing. 5. Nonprofit I abhor the use of nonprofit as a stand-alone noun, and I find I must append the word organization to that word, converting it into an adjective: â€Å"nonprofit organization.† The same opposition applies to multinationals; I favor â€Å"multinational corporations.† 6. Quality I once worked for a publication whose editor in chief banned the word quality alone when â€Å"high quality† is meant, as in â€Å"This is a quality publication.† It was an oddly specific prohibition from a person who wouldn’t be expected to bother with such specific usage, but I agreed with her then, and I do now; I never use the term in isolation in that context. 7. Scare Quotes Quotation marks used as the written equivalent of wiggled-finger air quotes are usually unnecessary. They’re especially so in conjunction with so-called in fact, they’re redundant in that case: â€Å"So-called notification laws require businesses to notify customers when certain unencrypted customer data is improperly accessed.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsUsed To vs. Use ToDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Electing Judges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Electing Judges - Essay Example ready served before, my decision will dependant on how fairly the judge has been operating and whether or not he has previously based his decisions in compliance with my believes. The president is responsible for the selection of the chief justice of the US courts. The president should take various factors into consideration before the selection of the chief justice. In the past, those individuals have been able to obtain the seat of chief justice who was representatives of the President’s political party (Segal 182). Secondly, presidents even elect chief justices on the basis of their opinion; those justices who shared similar opinions as held by the president have even been assigned to the seat of chief justice. Justices have even been elected for the position of chief justice on the basis of experience and seniority. I believe that chief justice should be selected by considering how fairly he has been operating in his judicial holdings and whether he/she has made biased to unbiased decisions in the

Effectiveness of Physical Education Training Programs in Primary Essay

Effectiveness of Physical Education Training Programs in Primary Schools - Essay Example But it will be realized that in other disciplines the concept has come under sharp criticism in respect of its positive claims which are largely unfounded. For example, Colley not long ago concluded that existing research evidence scarcely justifies mentoring use on such a massive scale, and the movement has not yet developed a clear theoretical base which underpins policy or practice (Colley, 2003). Further, Colley considers most models of training to have been based on what can be described as crude and simplistic concept of empowerment. Thus the mentor is viewed as the most powerful member, thanks to his or her greater age or experience, and the trainee as relatively devoid of power, in anticipation of delegation and trust from the trainer (Colley, 2003). For Colley this conceptualization is problematic because it views power as a commodity possessed and passed on by individuals. Additionally the use of quantitative methods to research physical education training activity has led to highly simplified analysis and eventually category creation (Colley 2003).Thus it impossible to understand how training relationships actually develop. More so, it provides a limited view of what tends to happen as opposed to the endowed possibilities of what can happen (Colley 2003). Despite its notorious potential and the willingness of many to indulge into its accompanying rhetoric then, clarity in relation to the concept of teaching physical education at primary schools and what it actually it takes in practice continues to be limited (Ward & Doutis, 1999). When history is considered it is realized that successful physical education programs have one thing in common and that is that they all use history as a learning process. Example those who prepared and developed the modern physical education programs in the US have benefited from teaching philosophies of Europe (Fromyhr, 1995). Universally, the first modern efforts in order to train contemporary physical education teacher s started in the 18Th Century in Europe and in the USA (Armour & Yelling, 2007). In the Ottoman Empire, the subjects of physical education entered the Curriculum in 1846 under the name of Gymnastics (Tiwari, 2007). Therefore Selim Sirri Tarcan attended the Heyet-I Ilmiye which was assembled in 1923 and succeeded in integrating one year long the was termed as physical education teachers school into the government program (Tiwari, 2007). These efforts for training sports instructors or tutors continued by the assistance of three instructors, one woman, two men; Inge Nerman, Ranger Jonson and Sven Alezanderson who were called from Sweden and with the 3,5-9 months lasting courses of physical education teachers during the years (Horne, 1921). From 1932 to1933, a three year long physical education department was commenced at the Gazi Education Institution in Turkey to train teachers for secondary and high school levels. It was the only institution until 1966 to1967 (Zeigler, 1973). A majo rity of studies have shown the positive influence that physical activity has on students’ academic performance and these are measured by improved grades and standardized test scores (Maher, 2006) . In a research brief published by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2007), 11 of 14

European Court of Justice - Free

European Court of Justice Free Movement of Persons Essay From early on it became clear to close observers of the EU that the role and rule of law were going to be critical in anchoring EU policy regimes. If the legal system could ensure a high rate of compliance, a way of giving authoritative interpretation to disputed texts, and a means of redress for those for whom the law was created, then the EU process as a whole would gain solidity and a predictability that would help it to be sustained. The ECJ was established in the first treaty texts; these have been virtually unchanged since then, except to cater for the increasing workload and successive enlargements of the EU membership. The ECJ, sited in Luxembourg, is now composed of fifteen judges, as well as the nine advocates-general who deliver preliminary opinions on cases. The SEA in 1986 established a second Court of First Instance, composed now of fifteen judges, to help in handling the heavy flow of cases. The EU has thus something like a supreme court, able to provide an overarching framework of jurisprudence, as well as to deal with litigation, both in cases referred via the national courts and in those that are brought directly before it. The Courts sanctions are mostly the force of their own rulings, backed up in some instances by the ability to impose fines on those (usually companies) found to have broken EU law. The T EU gave the ECJ power to fine member governments for non-application of European law. Also, as a result of its own rulings (especially one of the Factortame cases on fisheries see Chapter 13), damages can be claimed against governments that fail to implement European law correctly. The Courts take their cases in public, but reach their judgments in private by, if necessary, majority votes; the results of their votes are not made public, and minority opinions are not issued. A series of key cases has, since the early 1960s, established important principles of European law, such as: its supremacy over the law of the member states, its direct effect, a doctrine of proportionality, and another of non-discrimination. In doing so the ECJ has gone further in clarifying the rule and the role of law than had specifically been laid down in the treaties. In some policy domains court cases have been one of the key forces in developing EU policy regimes. Table 1. summarize the pattern and volume of cases before the Court. Table 1 New cases at the European Court of Justice, 1972-1997 (no.) (five-year, periods, Since 1972; five-year 1992-1997; each year given) Subject-matter Cases 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1993 1994 1995    1997    until       1971    Agriculture and 99 36 61 83 81 198 210 65 70 60 66 fisheries Transport 3 2 4 5 14 10 11 5 3 11 Taxation 27 1 2 9 35 20 21 25 36 33 61 Free movement of 53 3 25 56 45 33 58 86 79 50 61 goods and customs Competition and 38 6 10 42 34 54 35 20 35 28 45 state aids Freedom of 3 2 4 12 12 20 47 34 46 39 establishment and to provide services Free movement for 37 11 19 17 35 49 59 44 54 70 51 workers and social policy Environment 15 11 11 42 59 47 Rest a 2 16 21 44 23 43 29 26 54 34 Staff of EU 268 23 25 85 77 9 10 5 15 13 14 institutions b Other(ECSC, EAEC, 25 27 11 9 4 13 4 15 privileges and immunities) All 895 82 162 348 395d 438 486c 347 409 420 444 a Inc. common commercial policy and cases under agreements with third countries. b These are contract and social security cases of EU civil servants, mostly dealt with by Court of First Instance created in 1989, except for appeals to ECJ. This strong legal dimension has a large influence on the policy process. Policymakers pay great attention to the legal meaning of the texts that they devise; policy advocates look for legal rules to achieve their objectives, because they know that these are favoured by the institutional system; policy reformers can sometimes use cases to alter the impact of EU policies; and in general there is a presumption that rules will be more or less obeyed. Hence policy-makers have to choose carefully between treaty articles in determining which legal base to use, and to consider car Efully which kind of legislation to make (Reich Harbacevica, 2003). Regulations are directly applicable within the member states once promulgated by the EU institutions. Directives have to be transposed into national law, which allows some flexibility to member governments, but within limits set by the ECJ. Decisions are more limited legal instruments applied to specific circumstances or specific addressees, as in competition policy. All three kinds of law may be made either by the Commission (under delegated powers), or by the Council, or jointly by the Council and EP (under co-decision). And all are subject to challenge through the national and European courts. The vigour of the European legal system is one of the most distinctive features of the EU. It has helped to reinforce the powers and reach of the EU process, although in recent years the ECJ has become a bit more cautious in its judgments. We should note also that in some policy domains member governments have gone to considerable lengths to keep the ECJ out of the picture. Part of the reason for the three-pillar structure of the T EU was to keep both CFSP and JHA well away from the reach of the European legal system. Even though the ToA goes some way towards incorporating parts of JHA and Schengen more fully within the system, it remains contested how far they will be brought within the jurisdiction of the ECJ. One issue which floats in the debate is how far the other European legal order, based on the European Convention of Human Rights attached to the Council of Europe, is to be linked to the EU, and whether the EU should adopt its own Charter on Fundamental Rights. The wider institutional setting The EU institutional system includes in addition a number of additional organizations that have an impact on, or provide instruments for, EU policies. Some are consultative. Some provide control mechanisms. Some provide autonomous operating arms. Consultation and lobbying The founding treaties established the Economic and Social Committee (and the Consultative Committee for the ECSC) as a point of access to the policy process for socioeconomic groups. Its creation borrowed from the corporatist traditions in some of the founder member countries. It has not, however, become an influential body in the policy process. Instead socio-economic groups have found their own more direct points of access since the 1960s, both through EU-Ievel federal associations and through sector-specific trade and producer organizations. These became even more active in the period around the development of the single European market (Forder, 2002). Individual large firms have also taken pains to develop links with the EU institutions, again some since the 1960s, but many more and with more vigour since the early 1980s. A more recent development has been the increased activity of groups and lobbies representing societal interests, the consumers, the environmentalists, womens groups, and increasingly a range of other advocacy groups and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Illustrations of the activities of these different kinds of groups can be found in many of our case-studies (Groenendijk Guild, 2001). The TEU introduced a second consultative body, the Committee of the Regions, in response to the extensive involvement of local and regional authorities in seeking to influence those EU policies that impacted on them. The Committee provides regional and local politicians from the member states with a multilateral forum, and an opportunity to enhance their local political credibility. At least as important, however, is the direct lobbying by infranational (local and regional) authorities, many with their own offices in Brussels. These same infranational authorities also engage in efforts to influence national policy positions and the implementation of Community programmes. Chapters 9 and 13 comment on this in relation to the structural funds and the common fisheries policy. Control and scrutiny In the mid- 1970s concern started to be voiced that the EU policy process was subject to few external controls. The EP at the time had few powers, and national parliaments paid rather little attention to EU legislation and programmes. It was the growing scale and scope of the EU budget and spending programmes that led the arguments about the inadequacy of scrutiny. This led to the creation of the European Court of Auditors by the 1975 Budget Treaty. Since 1978 it has, from its seat in Luxembourg, endeavoured to evaluate systematically both revenue-raising and spending. Both in its Annual Reports and in specific reports it has drawn attention to various weaknesses in the budgetary process, as handled by the Commission and national agencies. Here we should note that about four-fifths of EU budgetary expenditure is disbursed by national agencies. Chapter 8 describes some of the Court of Auditors activities and impact. We note here that many of its criticisms fell for many years on deaf ears member governments that were reluctant to face up to some of the issues, an EP that had other preoccupations, and a Commission which repeatedly undervalued the importance of sound financial management. In late 1998 this situation was reversed by the row over alleged financial mismanagement by the Commission. Another new instrument of post hoc control is provided by the Ombudsman attached to the EP under the provisions of the TEU. The aim is to provide a channel for dealing with cases of maladminstration vis-à  -vis individuals. Thus far the existence of this office has not had a large impact, although it may have contributed to making the policy process a little more open than hitherto. Some control and scrutiny of policy depends on national institutions, both parliamentary and financial. National parliaments had no official recognition in the institutional system until the early 1990s. Each member state had developed its own, mostly rather limited, procedures for national parliamentary scrutiny of EU policy. The same discontent that had led to some strengthening of European procedures started to provoke a debate on national scrutiny. Both the T EU and the ToA mention the importance of encouraging this, although there is little likelihood of standardized procedures emerging. Instead it seems likely that EU-level policy-makers, especially in the Commission, will pay more attention to national parliamentary discussions and appear more readily before national parliamentary committees of inquiry. This heightened sensitivity to country-level preoccupations is becoming a more marked feature of the EU policy process. It may well be emphasized by the establishment of national parliamentary offices in Brussels (by September 1999 from Denmark, Finland, France, and the UK). From market citizenship to political and social citizenship As mentioned previously, 184 it was at the 1972 Paris Summit that European economic integration was put into a broader perspective of social welfare. Since then, the neo-liberal philosophy that was at the basis of the European Economic Community (and still is, to a large extent, at the basis of the European Community, that is, the first pillar of the Union) was gradually turned into a more socially oriented philosophy. From a perspective of citizen rights, this means that the rights that citizens enjoy by virtue of EC law are no longer only â€Å"market rights† but have been enlarged to include â€Å"political rights† as well, and slowly also â€Å"social rights† in the broad sense of the word, that is, rights (and duties) concerned with peoples welfare generally, including work, education, health, and quality of life. 185 This transformation started with the incorporation, by the Maastricht Treaty, of a new part II in the EC Treaty, entitled â€Å"Citizenship of the Union† and composed of Articles 17–22 (ex 8–8e) EC. According to Article 17 (1) EC, citizenship in the Union, â€Å"complement[ing] and not replac[ing] national citizenship, † is established and accorded to every person â€Å"holding the nationality of a Member State.† The rights enjoyed by Union citizens are, according to Article 17 (2), â€Å"the rights conferred by [the EC] Treaty †¦ subject to the duties imposed thereby.† Those rights are in the first place the internal market freedoms (in the exercise of which discrimination on the basis of nationality is prohibited) and related consumer and worker rights specified elsewhere in the treaty. Then, in Articles 18 to 21 EC, a limited number of rights are enumerated, starting with the general right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States and followed by a number of specific political rights: the right to vote and stand as a candidate at municipal and European Parliament elections, the right to diplomatic protection in a third country, 186 the right to petition the European Parliament and to address complaints to the European Ombudsman. In Articles 39–46 of the (as yet non-binding) EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, this list of citizen rights was consolidated, and it was expanded with the rights to good administration and access to documents (Peers, 2004). The enumeration of these lists of rights in the EC Treaty, as amended, and in the EU Charter may seem rather symbolic, many of the rights mentioned being already specified in other treaty provisions. However, the fact should not be overlooked that the rights enumerated in Articles 18 to 21 EC are granted to all citizens, that is, they are unconnected with the exercise of any economic activity. That obviously holds true for the political rights, but it is also becoming increasingly true, as we will see below, for the general right of citizens, established in Article 18 EC, to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States. Among the rights conferred by other treaty provisions are the rights that workers from other Member States, and by extension members of their family (so-called â€Å"dependents†), enjoy in the Member State where they work. These rights remain connected, however, to the status of â€Å"worker† in the sense of Article 39 (1) EC (relating to freedom of movement for workers), as interpreted by the ECJ in numerous judgments. It means, in concrete terms, that nationals from one Member State who want to work in another Member State need a residence permit, for which they must produce proof of engagement from an employer. Similarly, family members, whether from a Member State or a third country, must produce proof of their relationship with the worker. it was expanded with the rights to good administration and access to documents. The enumeration of these lists of rights in the EC Treaty, as amended, and in the EU Charter may seem rather symbolic, many of the rights mentioned being already specified in other treaty provisions. However, the fact should not be overlooked that the rights enumerated in Articles 18 to 21 EC are granted to all citizens, that is, they are unconnected with the exercise of any economic activity. That obviously holds true for the political rights, but it is also becoming increasingly true, as we will see below, for the general right of citizens, established in Article 18 EC, to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States (Pettit, 1997). Among the rights conferred by other treaty provisions are the rights that workers from other Member States, and by extension members of their family (so-called â€Å"dependents†), enjoy in the Member State where they work. 188 These rights remain connected, however, to the status of â€Å"worker† in the sense of Article 39 (1) EC (relating to freedom of movement for workers), as interpreted by the ECJ in numerous judgments. It means, in concrete terms, that nationals from one Member State who want to work in another Member State need a residence permit, for which they must produce proof of engagement from an employer. Similarly, family members, whether from a Member State or a third country, must produce proof of their relationship with the worker. [1] A financial burden on the host Member State, the students right of residence was directly based on Article 18 EC, with the effect that he was entitled in Belgium to financial assistance available to Belgians. In fact, not only EU citizens but also third-country nationals enjoy social rights under certain conditions, principally when they are family members of migrant workers, or migrant workers from countries with which the EU has special agreements. In this context, the Mary Carpenter case deserves to be mentioned: it concerned the right, under EU law, of the non-EU spouse of a U.K. national to remain with him in the United Kingdom, despite her having violated immigration rules. The ECJ ruled in that case that, since the deportation of his spouse (who cared for children from his previous marriage) could adversely affect the husband in the exercise of his (EC) right to provide services in other Member States, the situation fell within the scope of EC law. Furthermore, the Court held that although a Member State may limit the right to provide services on grounds of public policy or public security (as mentioned in Article 46 referring to Article 55 EC), the Member State concerned is bound to observe the human rights requirements embodied in EC law, including respect for the right of family life, as laid down in Article 8 ECHR. Citing the Boultif judgment of the Court of Human Rights, the ECJ held that the U.K. would be violating the right to respect for family life if it expelled Mrs. Carpenter without a more significant public policy reason than violation of immigration laws. The ECJs case law deriving social rights for Union citizens from the free movement and residency right embodied in Article 18 EC raises the delicate issue of how far the ECJ can go in imposing financial burdens on Member State social security systems in the name of solidarity between Union citizens. The issue is underlying many recent judgments, but is most apparent in Baumbast. In that case, the ECJ ruled that Article 18 (1) EC is sufficiently clear and precise to be directly applicable (and directly effective), and this despite the fact, as pointed out previously, that the article submits the free movement and resident right â€Å"to the limitations and conditions contained† in the treaty and in secondary legislation. The question at issue was whether the U.K. immigration authorities could reject Mr. Baumbasts application for renewal of his residence permit on the grounds that he and his family were not insured for emergency treatment in the U.K., where the family lived (although they were covered by comprehensive medical insurance in Germany, of which Mr. Baumbast was a national). Such a residence permit is needed under the three EC directives granting rights of residence to categories of persons other than workers. These directives provide that rights of residence are subject to two conditions: first, the applicant must possess sufficient resources, and, second, he or she must have comprehensive medical insurance for all risks. It was clear, as the court observed that Mr. Baumbast had sufficient resources, but it was equally clear that he had no health insurance for emergency treatment within the U.K (Dougan Spaventa, 2003). In its judgment, the ECJ ruled that the refusal of the British authorities was unfounded. It recognized that the requirements in the directives were permissible, being based on the idea that exercise of the Union citizens right of residency can be subordinated to the legitimate financial interests of the Member State, including the fact that foreign nationals should not become an â€Å"unreasonable burden† on the public finances of the host state. Nevertheless, those limitations and conditions, laid down in secondary Community legislation, must be applied in compliance with general principles of Community law, and in particular with the principle of proportionality. The Court then found that to deny Mr. Baumbast residence solely on the grounds that he lacked medical insurance for emergency treatment within the United Kingdom would be a disproportionate interference with the exercise of his residency right under Article 18 (1) EC. Conclusion The difficulty with the ECJs case law in this case, but also in other â€Å"social rights† cases, is that the Court, and the EU, â€Å"cannot simply grant full rights of residency to all its citizens, because it cannot foot the consequent welfare bill, especially in respect of economically inactive individuals. The aspiration towards a supranational form of social citizenship, which many see embodied in Article 18, must therefore remain sensitive to domestic conceptions of belonging to (and being excluded from) the welfare society.† Apart from this basic question, many other issues of a more specifically legal nature arise, such as which general principles other than proportionality will be permitted to qualify restrictions imposed by secondary Community legislation. The question is most acute with regard to economically inactive and financially dependent persons: What are the benefits of Union citizenship for them? Should they not be able to derive residency rights from fundamental rights provisions, such as respect for private and family life and for human dignity? Should these rights not have an impact upon the ability of Member States to expel individuals who would otherwise be considered an unreasonable burden upon the public purse? A straight answer to that question would be to grant Union citizens who have been lawfully resident in another Member State, for example, at least five consecutive years â€Å"permanent resident† status regardless of their economic or financial status, as is proposed by the Commission in a draft general directive which, if adopted, would replace much of the existing secondary legislation. References Bright; Christopher. Business Law in the European Economic Area. Oxford University, 1994 Case C-413/99, Baumbast and R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, [2002] ECR I-7091. Case C-60/00, Mary Carpenter v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, [2002] ECR I-6279. Dougan, Michael and Spaventa, Eleanor; â€Å"Educating Rudy and the (Non-) English Patient: A Double-bill on Residency Rights under Article 18 EC, † 28 ELRev., 2003, 699–712. Forder, Caroline; â€Å"Editorial: Common Minimum European Standards in Immigration Matters, † 9 MJ, 2002, 221–29. Groenendijk, Kees and Guild, Elspeth; â€Å"Converging Criteria: Creating an Area of Security of Residence for Europes Third Country Nationals, † 3 EJML, 2001, 37–59, at 52. Goyder; D. G. EC Competition Law. Oxford University Press, 1998 Jarvis; Malcolm A. The Application of EC Law by National Courts: The Free Movement of Goods. Oxford University, 1998 Leibfried, Stephan; Pierson; Paul; European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration. Brookings Institution, 1995 Pettit, P. Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997). Peers, Steve; â€Å"Implementing Equality? The Directive On Long-Term Third-Country Nationals, † 29 ELRev., 2004, 437–60. Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on the Right of Citizens of the Union and their Family Members to Move and Reside Freely within the Territory of the Member States: COM (2001) 257 final. Reich, Norbert and Harbacevica, Solvita; â€Å"Citizenship and Family on Trial: A Fairly Optimistic Overview of Recent Court Practice with Regard to Free Movement of Persons, † 40 CMLRev., 2003, 615–38. [1] The most important of these measures are: Council Directive 68/360, containing formal requirements for workers and their family members, and Council Regulation 1612/68, concerning the substantive rights and social advantages that workers and their family members enjoy. Further directives relating to rights of residence granted to categories of persons other than genuine workers are: Directive 90/366, replaced later by Directive 93/96, covering students exercising the right of vocational training; Directive 90/365, dealing with persons who have ceased to work; and catch-all Directive 90/364, governing all those persons who did not already enjoy a right of residence under Community law. These three residency directives have in common that the persons involved must have adequate resources not to become a financial burden on the social assistance schemes of the host Member State and must be covered by sickness insurance. For references, see Craig and de Bà ºrca, n. 36 above, 756. Th e scope of these directives was reconsidered by the ECJ in its Grzelczyk and Baumbast judgments mentioned later in the text.

Ethical Analysis of Online Gambling Essay -- Gamblers Addictions Essay

Ethical Analysis of Online Gambling Introduction Open up your email over a long weekend and you’ll likely find a plethora of online casino advertisements. â€Å"Welcome Bonus up to $150 free!† Ask the traditional land based casino gambler on whether he would gamble online and his first reaction would likely be â€Å"Are you nuts?† When gambling at land based casinos, games are likely to be fair because the consequences of cheating by casino operators are disastrous. Casinos found to offer rigged games will lose their gambling licenses permanently. Land based casino gamblers are also virtually guaranteed that any winnings they accumulate will be paid out. However, Internet casinos are generally unregulated and offer neither of these guarantees. Nevertheless, online gambling has garnered a huge global audience. Online casinos cater to the lucrative market of stay-at-home bettors who only need a bank account and Internet access in order to participate in online gambling. However, online gambling presents unique ethical problems to society. Background The Internet has opened the gambling industry to a whole new range of consumers. Most states in the United States have some form of legal gambling, ranging from state lotteries to bingo. However, in order to participate in the more exotic casino games such as blackjack, poker, and slots, you used to have to travel all the way to Nevada, Indian reservations, or gambling boats. Today all you have to do is install casino software on your computer and you can experience online gambling in the comfort of your own home. Some online casinos offer games on web sites, so you don’t even have to install anything. Gamblers no longer need to fly to Las Vegas in order to play slots. .. ...tte, <http://www.gamblingpress.com/archive/2003/02/gamblingpress0016.htm> (13 Feb, 2003). 29. "Voters Approve A Lottery", <http://www.calottery.com/about.asp>, (6 Nov, 1984). 30. "Sector Report: onling gambling", NetImperitive, <http://www.netimperative.info/pdf/onlinegamblingfinal.pdf>, (May 2002). 31. Spinello, Richard A., Frameworks for Ethical Analysis, <http://cseserv.engr.scu.edu/NQuinn/COEN288/framework.pdf>. 32. Pastore. 33. Locke, John, The Second Treatise of Civil Government, <http://www.constitution.org/jl/2ndtr05.txt>, (1690). 34. Declaration of Independence, <http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/charters_of_freedom/declaration/declaration_transcription.html>, (4 Jul, 1776). 35. Longstreet, Stephen, Win or Lose: A Social History of Gambling in America (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1997), p. 31. 36. Ibid., p. 37.

Educational and Career Goal Essay

Since young our minds are set to particular career choice and goals. We always think what is best for our future and dreamed of being successful someday. Nothing is constant in this world; there are times that even professional ones experienced career doubts and may result to career change. And this is only a test of perseverance. I am married and I have two smart kids, a boy and a girl. I am continuing my education here in United States and taking up Music as my major and Radiology as my minor. As a married person, I have to be wise in choosing my educational and career goal. This career will be my path and to be followed for the rest of my life to serve the future needs of my family. Goal setting is very challenging and difficult on my part but I know everything is for my family. Many factors to consider in achieving one’s goal and the best one are proper time management and making smarter decisions. Being a parent, I have to manage my time wisely and have balance in setting my priorities. Knowing what you want from your time, learn to see the difference between urgent and important, know and respect your priorities, plan your actions for achieving your goals, schedule time for your task and know how to spend your time ( Time, 2002) are some of the time management tips which will help a lot in setting our goals. In career planning it will take time. First step is to find out what we really want to do and what motivates us why we choose such career. Finding out our weak points and what are our aspirations and aptitudes in pursuing such course. Looking up to our priorities and proper decision making will help a lot to be on top of our success. Effective planning can reduce much the necessary time and effort of achieving the goal (Planning, 2002) and important in making good decision. Our education years, choosing the right course is our preparation for the next step in our life and be able to pursue to another stage of career, which is our job. All is focused on achieving the goals and obstacles started to come out and this time, good decision making will apply. According to Time Management Guide (2002), â€Å"Decision making can be hard; almost any decision involves some conflicts or dissatisfaction†. The difficult part is to pick one situation where the positive outcome can outweigh possible losses (Time, 2002). As a student, choosing the right career is important decision in my life. This is important in many aspects; we can choose whatever jobs we want. This will lead us to our dreams and fulfillment of our needs. Dedication to our career should be 100% to reach the so-called success in life. Choosing a right career will guide us through a path that we are going to follow for the rest of our life. Careful planning and wise decision making are the keys in achieving our goals.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 2179 Words

The American coalition- an anti-immigrant group in 1980 had this to say about the drug, â€Å"Marihuana, perhaps now the most insidious of narcotics, is a direct byproduct of unrestricted Mexican immigration.† It is through seclusion, Nixon’s outright war on drugs, and society’s fervent dislike for marijuana user that the subculture grew. It came to a point where one could not discern fact from myth about marijuana in the 60s/70s war on drugs, mainly because no research was allowed. We must ask ourselves, why was this so, why was this one psychedelic drug as Nixon called it â€Å" Public Enemy Number One†. This drug became somewhat of a political tool to twist and turn making sure the general public’s ignorance stayed unabated, during a whole†¦show more content†¦Nixon’s call for â€Å" The war on drugs† may have made him seen caring and wanting the best for his nation, but as a result the drug re-emerged in a political and social stage, thus making marijuana smokers and supporters active participants in the politics surrounding their favourite drug. One would usually find marijuana smokers in the 60s in college, students, musicians/artists, who used it as a way to distinguish themselves and show their free spirit and individuality- they were â€Å"hippies†. However, hippies of the 60s had different reasons for smoking than those who smoked in the 70s . Those that smoked in the 60 were all about unity and peace for al l, experimentation with psychedelic drugs and were mostly calm and non-violent. They weren’t necessarily political but rather wanted to keep politics out of it. These different groups in the 70s were essentially fighting conformity by smoking marijuana and dressing differently from the norm, staging protests against the Vietnam War and preaching peace instead. They were showing they were free to do what they wanted, when they wanted and would not be stopped by any governmental forces. Marijuana has quickly moved from being all about the individual and the spirit too much more; the collective and its rights, peace not war, all this became politicized just at the turn of the new